The 10 points for this question are awarded
as follows:
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Independent Variable: Identify as frustration.
A mere definition of the independent variable without a link to frustration
does not count.
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Dependent Variable: Identify as aggression.
A mere definition of the dependent variable without a link to aggression
(behavior) does not count. Because the question states "frustration leads
to aggressive behavior " the student may use only the word "behavior" implying
aggressive behavior) when discussing, the dependent variable and still
be awarded the point.
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Control Point A (Ways to Control):
Mention of specific ways control could be introduced to either the experimental
method or survey method. Examples of such methods include: sample selection,
random assignment of subjects, the use of experimental and control groups
where the control group does not receive the experimental manipulation,
standardization of procedures and/or administration of survey. To be scored,
such procedures must be discussed within the context of control.
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Control Point B (Compare and Contrast
in Reference to Control): The experimental method results in better control.
Control is more difficult in the survey method: e.g. it is difficult to
partial out (control) extraneous variables in the survey method.
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Experimenter Bias: Recognition of experimenter
bias (most likely identified in discussion of experimental method, sometimes
in the discussion of the survey method). Such recognition can be demonstrated
by a reference to:
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Double-blind design to eliminate experimenter
bias. The answer need not use actual term "double-blind."
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The experimenter designing or scoring the
experiment or survey in ways favoring the hypothesis.
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Experimenter being able to influence the outcome
of the experiment unintentionally.
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No credit is given for a statement that the
experimenter deliberately falsifies the results.
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Response Bias: Recognition of social
desirability, yea/nay saying, favoring the first alternative as possible
response biases (primarily in survey methods). Such recognition can be
demonstrated by stating that the subject may respond in ways to please
the experimenter or to favor the experimenter’s hypothesis, or that the
subject can answer dishonestly.
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Ethical Issue of Doing No Harm: The
experimental method has greater potential for more ethical problems, because
frustrating a subject may cause harm or be emotionally upsetting to him
or her. The survey method is more safe.
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Other Ethical Issues: Mention of any
other ethical issues: e.g. informed consent, intrusiveness of survey, privacy
issues, anonymity of subjects, use of deception, debriefing, conforming
to APA ethical standards. For the point to be awarded the discussion must
be presented in the context of ethical issues.
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Specific Valid Comparison(s) and/or Contrast(s)
of the Two Methods (EXCLUDING CONTROL) such as:
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The experimental methods gives greater ability
to specify, manipulate, and/or measure the independent and/or dependent
variables.
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The experimental method allows for more reliable
measurement of the dependent variable.
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The experimental method shows causation, survey
method shows correlation.
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A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages
of the two methods.
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"Holistic" Judgment That the Essay Does
Conform to the Question by Comparing and Contrasting the Two Research Methods:
Such comparisons and contrasts can be made throughout the essay. They must
be content valid in order to be counted. NOTE: The essay may be deemed
to earn the point if the student makes at least two valid comparisons of
the methods. This criterion is met if the essay is awarded a point on four
and nine, or if two valid different comparisons are scored on point nine.
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