Motivation and Emotion

  • Intervening variable
  • Sources of motivation…biological, emotional, cognitive, social
  • Instinct theory
  • Evolution and mate selection – resource acquisition capacity/reproductive capacity
  • Drive Reduction Theory… CLARK HULL…what? Weaknesses?
  • Homeostasis
  • Need
  • Drive
  • Primary/secondary drives
  • Arousal Theory
  • Yesrkes-Dodson…difficult and simple tasks
  • Sensation-seeking – ZUCKERMAN
  • Incentive theory
  • Hunger
  • Satiety
  • Signals form the stomach and hunger
  • Signals from the blood and hunger
  • Ventromadial/lateral hypothalamus and hunger
  • Ventromedial/paraventricualr nucleus 
  • Specific hungers
  • Food culture
  • Obesity
  • Set point
  • Anorexia…causes, symptoms
  • Bulimia…causes, symptoms
  • Sexual motivation (sex hormones)
  • Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation
  • Need for achievement…TAT…HENRY MURRAY
  • Development of achievement motivation
  • Gender and achievement motivation
  • Maslow’s hierarchy
  • Conflicts…approach-approach , approach-avoidance, avoidance-avoidance, multiple approach-avoidance
  • Opponent-process theory of motivation
  • Defining characteristics of emotion
  • Brain mechanisms and emotion
  • Parasympathetic/sympathetic system
  • Fight-or-flight system
  • James’s Theory (James-Lange) and evaluating it
  • Schachter’s Theory (Schachter-Singer) and evaluating it
  • Attribution
  • Transferred excitation
  • Cannon’s Theory (Caonnon-Bard) and updating it 
  • Innate expressions of emotions…universal facial expressions…EKMAN
  • Duuchenne smile
  • Emotion culture
  • Social referencing