Psychological Disorders

  • Psychopathology
  • What is abnormal?….statistical infrequency, personal suffering, norm violation-->practical approach – 3 C’s
  • Impaired functioning
  • DSM IV & Axis I, Axis II, Axis III, Axis IV, Axis V
  • Explaining psychological disorders
    • Biological/medical/neurobiological model…dementia
    • Psychological model…psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic
    • Sociocultural context…culture-general, culture-specific
    • Diathesisstress model
  • Purposes and problems of diagnosis…interrater reliability, validity, bias
  • Anxiety disorders
    •
      • Phobias…specific, social
      • Agoraphobia
      • Generalized disorder
      • Panic disorder
      • Obsessive-compulsive disorder…obsessions/compulsions
  • Causes of anxiety disorders
  • Somatoform disorders
    •
      • Conversion disorder
      • Hypochondriasis
      • Somatization disorder
      • Pain disorder
  • Causes of somatoform disorders
  • Dissociative disorders
    •
      • Dissociative fugue
      • Dissociative amnesia
      • Dissociative identity disorder (DID) – multiple personality disorder
  • Causes of dissociative disorders
  • Mood/affective disorders
    •
      • Major depressive disorder
      • Dsythymic disorder
      • Bipolar disorder
      • Maniacyclothymic disorder
      • Seasonal affective disorder
      • Research on suicide
  • Causes of mood disorders…biological, psychological (learned helplessness, attributional style), diathesis-stress
  • Schizophrenia
    •
      • Disordered thoughts…neologisms, clang associations, word salad, loose associations, etc.
      • Delusions…ideas of reference, thought broadcasting, thought blocking/withdrawal, thought insertion, etc.
      • Hallucinations
      • Positive/negative symptoms
      • Types…paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual
  • Causes of schizophrenia
    •
      • Biological…genetic predisposition, brain structure, dopamine hypothesis, neurodevelopment abnormalities
      • Psychological
      • Vulnerability model…diathesis-stress model
  • Personality disorders – def
    •
      • Avoidant
      • Dependent
      • Histrionic
      • Obsessive-compulsive
      • Schizoid
      • Schizotypal
      • Narcissistic
      • Antisocial
      • Passive-aggressive
  • Child abuse and antisocial personality disorder
  • Substance-related disorders
    •
      • Addiction/physiological substance dependence
      • Tolerance
      • Withdrawal symptoms
      • Psychological dependence
  • Alcoholism – dependence/abuse
    •
      • Korsakoff’s psychosis
      • Possible cause…different perspectives and explanations
  • Heroin/cocaine dependence
  • Psychological disorders of childhood
    •
      • Autistic disorder
      • Externalizing disorders vs. internalizing disorders
      • Conduct disorders separation anxiety disorder
      • ADHD
  • Mental illness and the law
    •
      • M’Naughton rule
      • Not guilty by reason of insanity
      • Guilty but mentally ill