Gods and Goddesses: Greek Names vs. Roman Names

Greek Name

Roman Name

Description

Aphrodite Venus Goddess of Love and Beauty.
Apollo Apollo Master musician, archer god, healer, god of light, god of truth, sun god.
Ares Mars God of war.
Artemis Diana Apollo's twin sister, lady of wild things and huntsman to the gods. As Apollo is the Sun, Artemis is the moon.
Asclepius Aesculapius God of medicine
Athene/Athena Minerva Daughter of Zeus alone - Sprang from his head full-grown and in full armor. Goddess of the City, Education/Science, civilized life, handicrafts, agriculture, and War.
Cronos/Kronos Saturn God of the sky. Ruler of the Titans.
Demeter Ceres Goddess of grain.
Dionysus Bacchus God of wine and vegetation.
Eros Cupid God of love.
Gaea Terra Mother Earth
Hades Pluto Ruler of the underworld and the dead.
Hephaestos Vulcan God of Fire. The only ugly and deformed god. Makes armor and weapons forged under volcanoes.
Hera Juno Zeus's wife and sister. Protector of marriage, spent most of her time punishing the many women Zeus fell in love with.
Hermes Mercury Zeus' Messenger, God of Commerce, Market, trickery, and thieves., Wore wings on his sandals and his hat, thus was graceful and swift.
Hestia Vesta A virgin goddess and sister of Zeus. Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the home.
Hypnos Somnus God of sleep.
Moiras/Keras Fata, i.e. Fates Determiners of life events: the thread of life is woven, measured, and cut by these three sisters.
Nike Victoria Goddess of Victory.
Pan Faunus God of Flocks, Sheep
Persephone Proserpina Goddess of Spring and the Underworld (through marriage with Hades)
Phosphor Lucifer Light-bearer, Star that brings in the day
Poseidon Neptune Ruler of the sea.
Rhea Ops Mother Goddess. Wife of Cronus/Saturn. 
Selene Luna Goddess of the Moon
Uranus Uranus God of the sky. Father of the Titans.
Zeus Jupiter/Jove Supreme ruler of the gods, Lord of the Sky, Gods, and Thunder, also Rain-god, Cloud-gatherer

Heroes:

Herakles/Hercules
Odysseus/Ulysses

Sources:

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Troy/2774/mythgods.html
http://www.mistupid.com/mythology/
http://messagenet.com/myths/names.html